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1 trace of representation
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > trace of representation
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2 trace of representation
Математика: след представленияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > trace of representation
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3 trace of representation
шпур отображения, след отображенияEnglish-Russian electronics dictionary > trace of representation
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4 trace of representation
мат.English-Russian scientific dictionary > trace of representation
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5 trace
1) траектория; путь2) след || прослеживать3) искать; локализовать ( неисправности)4) трасса5) трассировка || трассировать7) чертить; расчерчивать; прочерчивать8) калькировать; копировать9) геофиз. сейсмическая трасса10) шпур• -
6 trace
1) след || следить; отслеживать2) тлв строка развёртки3) рлк линия развёртки4) запись; записанная кривая; осциллограмма || записывать5) траектория; ход; путь6) вчт трассировка || трассировать, производить трассировку8) метить, помечать; маркировать9) pl микр. межсоединения10) вчт выделять контуры ( растрового изображения); преобразовывать растровую графику в векторную11) вчт шпур, след (квадратной матрицы, тензора второго ранга или (оператора) преобразования, отображения или представления)12) вчт след поверхности, линия пересечения поверхности с плоскостью13) незначительное количество, следы (напр. примеси)14) чертить; рисовать; изображать15) снимать копию; калькировать•- traces of impurity
- trace of map
- trace of mapping
- trace of representation
- trace of square matrix
- circular trace
- dual trace
- ground trace
- kernel trace
- matrix trace
- microdensitometer trace
- operator trace
- oscilloscope trace
- program trace
- reduced trace
- regular trace
- return trace
- surface trace
- sweep trace
- tensor trace
- value trace -
7 след представления
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > след представления
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8 electron beam oscilloscope
осциллоскоп
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[IEV number 312-02-12]
(электроннолучевой) осциллоскоп
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[IEV number 313-05-01]EN
oscilloscope
instrument intended to show, in the form of a transitory trace, instantaneous values of a quantity
[IEV number 312-02-12]
(electron beam) oscilloscope
instrument for measurement or observation purposes which uses the deflection of one or more electron beams to produce a display which represents the instantaneous values or functions of varying quantities, one of them, in general, being time
[IEV number 313-05-01]FR
oscilloscope
appareil destiné à représenter, sous forme d'un tracé non permanent, des valeurs instantanées d'une grandeur
[IEV number 312-02-12]
oscilloscope (cathodique)
appareil de mesure ou d'observation utilisant la déviation d'un ou plusieurs faisceaux d'électrons pour fournir une représentation des valeurs instantanées ou des fonctions de grandeurs variables, l'une d'elles étant, en général, le temps
[IEV number 313-05-01]Тематики
- измерение электр. величин в целом
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Elektronenstrahl-Oszilloskop
- Oszilloskop
- Oszilloskop, Elektronenstrahl-
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > electron beam oscilloscope
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9 oscilloscope
осциллоскоп
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[IEV number 312-02-12]
(электроннолучевой) осциллоскоп
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[IEV number 313-05-01]EN
oscilloscope
instrument intended to show, in the form of a transitory trace, instantaneous values of a quantity
[IEV number 312-02-12]
(electron beam) oscilloscope
instrument for measurement or observation purposes which uses the deflection of one or more electron beams to produce a display which represents the instantaneous values or functions of varying quantities, one of them, in general, being time
[IEV number 313-05-01]FR
oscilloscope
appareil destiné à représenter, sous forme d'un tracé non permanent, des valeurs instantanées d'une grandeur
[IEV number 312-02-12]
oscilloscope (cathodique)
appareil de mesure ou d'observation utilisant la déviation d'un ou plusieurs faisceaux d'électrons pour fournir une représentation des valeurs instantanées ou des fonctions de grandeurs variables, l'une d'elles étant, en général, le temps
[IEV number 313-05-01]Тематики
- измерение электр. величин в целом
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Elektronenstrahl-Oszilloskop
- Oszilloskop
- Oszilloskop, Elektronenstrahl-
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > oscilloscope
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10 graph
I [grɑːf], [græf] 1. сущ.1) график, диаграмма, схема; криваяbar graph — столбчатая диаграмма, столбиковая диаграмма, гистограмма; столбчатый график
Syn:diagram 1.2) мат. графgraph model — графовая модель, модель в виде графа
graph representation — графовое представление, представление в виде графа
2. гл.graph structure — графовая структура, структура графа
1) изображать в виде диаграммы, графикаSyn:3) мат. чертить кривую уравненияII [grɑː], [græf] сущ.; лингв. III [grɑːf], [græf] 1. сущ.; разг.гектограф (и др. копировальные устройства, в названия которых входит корень "graph")Syn:2. гл.; разг.копировать, делать копию ( с помощью технических устройств)Syn: -
11 compiler optimization
один из этапов компиляции, на котором с помощью методов оптимизации происходит преобразование программы, сохраняющее её семантику, но уменьшающее размер кода и/или время выполнения. Как правило, уменьшение размера кода увеличивает время выполнения, и наоборот. Поскольку ручная оптимизация программы стоит дорого и занимает много времени, а программисты, работающие на ЯВУ, обычно не знают тонкостей архитектуры конкретного целевого процессора, то сейчас кроме редких случаев используется оптимизация при компиляции, когда компилятор автоматически выбирает наиболее эффективный способ оптимизации и детали реализации в соответствии с заданным уровнем оптимизациисм. тж. antidependence, branch deletion, automatic parallelization, constant folding, constant propagation, control dependence, copy propagation, CSE, data dependence, dead statement, expression folding, fission by name, global forward substitution, GVN, hand optimization, intermediate representation, interprocedural optimization, jump threading, lazy evaluation, induction variable, instruction scheduling, instruction selection, local optimization, loop collapsing, loop invariant code motion, loop inversion, loop parallelization, loop optimization, loop peeling, loop skewing, loop splitting, loop tiling, loop transformation, loop unrolling, loop unrolling and jamming, loop unswitching, loop unwinding, loop vectorization, LNO, optimization, optimization technique, optimizing compiler, output dependence, partial evaluation, peephole optimization, polytope model, PRE, redundant-test elimination, register allocation, register spilling, scalar replacement, SSA, static analysis, strength reduction, strip mining, test promotion, trace scheduling, true dependence, two-version loop, vectorizationАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > compiler optimization
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12 group
1) группа, ансамбль || групповой- roughing mill group2) совокупность; комплект3) группировка || группировать(ся)5) класс; категория || классифицировать; категоризировать6) хим. остаток7) сгусток; скопление8) узел9) матем. группа- absolute free group - absolute homotopy group - absolutely irreducible group - absolutely simple group - additively written group - adele group - adelic group - algebraically compact group - algebraically simple group - almost connected group - almost cyclic group - almost ordered group - almost periodic group - almost simple group - alternating form group - cancellative group - cellular homology group - characteristically simple group - complementing group - completely anisotropic group - completely discontinuous group - completely divisible group - completely indecomposable group - completely integrally closed group - deficient group - direct homology group - direct indecomposable group - doubly transitive group - finitely defined group - finitely generated group - finitely presented group - finitely related group - first homology group - first homotopy group - freely generated group - full linear group - full orthogonal group - full rotation group - full symmetric group - full unimodular group - group of classes of algebras - group of covering transformations - group of finite rank - group of infinite order - group of infinite rank - group of inner automorphisms - group of linear equivalence - group of linear forms - group of linear manifold - group of principal ideles - group of real line - group of recursive permutations - group of right quotients - idele class group - linearly ordered group - linearly transitive group - locally bicompact group - locally closed group - locally compact group - locally connected group - locally cyclic group - locally defined group - locally embeddable group - locally finite group - locally free group - locally infinite group - locally nilpotent group - locally normal group - locally solvable group - multiply primitive group - multiply transitive group - nonsolvable group - n-th homotopy group - ordered pair group - principal congruence group - properly orthogonal group - properly unimodular group - pure projective group - pure rotation group - pure simple group - quasipure projective group - quotient divisible group - residually nilpotent group - restricted holonomy group - sharply transitive group - simply ordered group - simply reducible group - simply transitive group - singular cogomology group - singular homology group - solvable group - stable group - strictly transitive group - strongly polycyclic group - subsolvable group - supersolvable group - totally ordered group - totally projective group - totally reducible group - triply transitive group - unitary symmetry group - unitary transformation group - value group - weak homology group - weakly mixing groupgroup with multiple operators — группа с многоместными операторами, мультиоператорная группа
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13 operator
1) диспетчер2) владелец ( оборудования)3) машинист4) оператор машины или системы6) матем. оператор- almost periodic operator - amateur radio operator - asymptotically polylinear operator - bounded below operator - completely invertible operator - double stochastic operator - formally hypoelliptic operator - formally self-adjoint operator - formally symmetric operator - internal operator - isotonic operator - left shift operator - locally algebraic operator - locally measurable operator - negative semidefinite operator - normally resolvable operator - partial recursive operator - partially hypoelliptic operator - partially isometric operator - positive definite operator - positive semidefinite operator - properly orthogonal operator - relatively degenerate operator - relatively invertible operator - relatively regular operator - selective operator - skew adjoint operator - skew self-adjoint operator - uniformly strongly elliptic operator - weakly separable operator -
14 problem
1) задача; проблема3) трудность, затруднение•- boundary value problem - card matching problem - central limit problem - decision problem under risk - decision problem under uncertainty - extremum problem - fair division problem - gambling problem - gasoline blending problem - incompletely structured problem - optimal path problem - optimal stopping problem - portfolio selection problem - precisely specified problem - recursively solvable problem - sequential decision programming problem - sequential occupancy problem - shortest path problem - shortest route problem - standard control problem - three houses and three wells problem -
15 space
1) интервал, промежуток2) пробел || оставлять пробелы3) область; площадь4) пространство || пространственный5) космос, космическое пространство6) полость7) расстояние•- absolutely compact space - absolutely embedded space - absolutely thick space - algebraically parallel space - almost complex space - almost expandable space - almost isomorphic space - almost metric space - almost nonsingular space - almost paracompact space - almost pretopological space - analytically ramified covering space - arcwise connected space - centrally harmonic space - compactly ordered space - completely continuous space - completely degenerate space - completely disconnected space - completely harmonic space - completely metric space - completely normal space - completely reducible space - completely regular space - completely reticulated space - completely separable space - completely separated space - completely symmetric space - completely uniformizable space - constant curvature space - continuous sample space - continuously ordered space - contractible in itself space - countably compactifiable space - countably dimensional space - countably generated space - countably infinite space - countably metacompact space - countably multinormed space - countably normed space - countably paracompact space - countably refinable space - countably subcompact space - finitely productive space - finitely sheeted space - finitely triangulated space - fully normal space - general metrizable space - general topological space - global analytic space - globally symmetric space - hereditarily normal space - hereditarily paracompact space - hereditarily separable space - hereditarily symmetric space - holomorphic tangent space - holomorphically complete space - holomorphically convex space - homotopy associative space - iterated loop space - linearly connected space - linearly ordered space - linearly topologized space - load space - locally bounded space - locally closed space - locally compact space - locally complete space - locally connected space - locally contractible space - locally convex space - locally directed space - locally fine space - locally holomorphic space - locally homogeneous space - locally hyperbolic space - locally linear space - locally metrizable space - locally ringed space - locally separable space - locally simply connected space - locally solid space - locally spherical space - locally star-shaped space - locally symmetric space - locally timelike space - locally triangulable space - monotonically normal space - naturally isomorphic space - naturally ordered space - naturally reductive space - nearly paracompact space - negative metric space - normally separated space - not simply connected space - nowhere connected space - null space of linear transformation - n-way projective space - perfectly normal space - perfectly regular space - perfectly screenable space - perfectly separable space - peripherically bicompact space - peripherically compact space - pointwise paracompact space - projectively metric space - quaternion hyperbolic space - quaternion projective space - quaternion vector space - regularly ordered space - relatively discrete space - relatively strong space - sequentially closed space - sequentially compact space - sequentially complete space - sequentially quasicomplete space - sequentially separable space - simply ordered space - simply partitionable space - space of affine connectedness - space of complex homomorphisms - space of continuous functions - space of finite measure - space of linear interpolation - space of right cosets - space of scalar curvature - strongly bounded space - strongly closed space - strongly compact space - strongly complete space - strongly irreducible space - strongly normal space - strongly normed space - strongly paracompact space - strongly pseudocompact space - strongly pseudometrizable space - strongly rigid space - strongly screenable space - structural space - structure space - topologically complete space - totally disconnected space - totally geodesic space - totally imperfect space - totally normal space - totally orderable space - totally ordered space - water jacket space - weakly closed space - weakly compact space - weakly complete space - weakly covering space - weakly dense space - weakly favorable space - weakly n-dimensional space - weakly paracompact space - weakly regular space - weakly separable space - weakly symmetric spaceto space out — полигр. набирать вразрядку
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16 graph
1. n график, диаграмма, номограмма; криваяcomputation graph — вычислительный граф; граф вычислений
2. n мат. лингв. графgraph features — свойства графа; теоретико-графовые свойства
product graph — произведение графов; граф-произведение
singular graph — сингулярный граф; вырожденный граф
3. v изображать диаграммой; чертить графики4. v разг. размножать, копировать с помощью гектографаСинонимический ряд:1. chart (noun) bar chart; blueprint; chart; design; diagram; flow chart; linear representation; map; picture; pie chart; plot; table2. diagram (verb) diagram; draw; outline; trace -
17 semblance
1. n книжн. подобие, сходствоit had more the semblance of a dream than of actual occurrence — это было больше похоже на сон, чем на действительность
2. n книжн. наружность, видhe put on a semblance of anger — он сделал вид, что сердится, он притворился рассерженным
3. n книжн. видимость, видthe semblance of a trial — судебная комедия; подстроенный судебный процесс
Синонимический ряд:1. air (noun) air; atmosphere; aura; feel; feeling; mood2. appearance (noun) appearance; appearances; aspect; bearing; exterior; form; guise; look; mien; seeming; show; showing; simulacrum3. depiction (noun) depiction; image; representation4. likeness (noun) affinity; alikeness; analogy; comparison; likeness; resemblance; similarity; simile; similitude5. mask (noun) cloak; color; coloring; colour; colouring; cover; disguise; disguisement; facade; face; false front; front; gloss; mask; masquerade; muffler; pretence; pretense; pretext; put-on; veil; veneer; window dressing; window-dressing6. suggestion (noun) ghost; hair; hint; intimation; shade; shadow; strain; streak; suggestion; tinge; touch; trace; whisker; whisper -
18 show
1. n показ, демонстрация2. n выставкаtravelling show — бродячий зверинец; бродячий цирк, балаган
3. n пышная процессия4. n разг. зрелище, спектакль, представлениеice show — эстрадное представление на льду; балет на льду
5. n шоу, эстрадное представлениеa sock show — шоу, пользующееся огромным успехом
6. n тлв. радио, передачаa popular programme was pre-empted by a news show — вместо популярной передачи показали выпуск новостей
7. n киносеанс8. n спорт. выступлениеto gag a show — вставить в выступление шутки, остроты
9. n авиационный праздник; показательные полёты10. n разг. вечер, приём, банкет, торжество11. n картина, вид, зрелище12. n жалкое зрелище, нелепая картина13. n книжн. внешний вид; видимостьfor show — для видимости, для виду
14. n показная сторона; внешний эффектfor show — для внешнего эффекта, напоказ
light show — фантастическое представление, шоу, основанное не световых эффектах
15. n разг. дело, предприятие16. n воен. разг. дело, бой, операцияto put up a show — драться, сражаться, побывать в деле
17. n проявление, признакsome suggested, without good show of reason, that … — некоторые высказали мысль, без особых на то оснований, что …
the party was a dull show — на вечере была отчаянная возможность, шанс
18. n амер. австрал. следы, признаки наличия19. n горн. ореол20. n спорт. жарг. третье место или одно из трёх первых мест21. n физиол. водыto show cause — привести основания ; представить доводы
22. a показательный23. v показываться, появляться24. v указывать25. v показывать, объяснять, учить26. v выставлять; экспонировать27. v выставлять для продажи, предлагать28. v изображать29. v разг. театр. играть, даватьgame show — телеигра, телевизионная игра
to show in color — закрашивать, давать в красках
show a profit — давать прибыль; приносить прибыль
30. v разг. выступать на рингеhopefully we will get to the show on time — надо надеяться, что мы не опоздаем на представление
31. v разг. выявлять, устанавливатьhe showed the plan to be faulty on — показал, что план составлен неудачно
32. v разг. проявлять, обнаруживатьhe showed every mark of extreme agitation — но всему было видно, что он очень возбуждён
33. v разг. оттенять, выделятьshow off — представлять в выгодном свете; оттенять, подчёркивать
34. v разг. выделяться, виднеться; быть видным, заметнымshow through — проступать, быть заметным; просвечивать
35. v разг. появляться, быватьhe showed himself in public places to quiet rumours that he was ill — он стал появляться в обществе, чтобы положить конец слухам о своей выглядеть, казаться, иметь вид
36. v разг. спорт. жарг. занять третье место или одно из трёх первых местa bet to win, place or show — тройное пари ; ставка на первую, вторую и третью лошадь
Синонимический ряд:1. affectation (noun) affectation; front; pose2. appearance (noun) appearance; appearances; guise; out; seeming; semblance; simulacrum3. comedy (noun) comedy; drama; musical; opera4. display (noun) array; demonstration; display; expression; fanfare; manifestation; mark; panoply; parade; pomp; shine5. indication (noun) indication; occurrence; representation; showing; sight; trace6. mask (noun) cloak; color; coloring; colour; colouring; cover; disguise; disguisement; facade; face; false front; gloss; mask; muffler; put-on; veil; veneer; window dressing; window-dressing7. movie (noun) cine; film; flick; motion picture; movie; moving picture; photoplay; picture; picture show8. opportunity (noun) break; chance; look-in; occasion; opening; opportunity; shot; squeak; time9. pretense (noun) act; deception; illusion; masquerade; ostentation; pretence; pretense; pretext; sham; simulation10. production (noun) ceremony; concert; exhibit; exhibition; exposition; fair; pageant; performance; play; presentation; production; program; spectacle11. appear (verb) appear; emerge; issue; loom; materialise12. bare (verb) bare; disclose; expose; lay open; uncover; unmask; unveil13. brandish (verb) brandish; disport; flash; flaunt; offer; parade; show off; sport; trot out14. come (verb) arrive; come; get; get in; reach; show up; turn up15. demonstrate (verb) demonstrate; display; evidence; evince; exhibit; illustrate; look; manifest; ostend; present; seem; unfurl16. give (verb) accord; bestow; confer; dispense; give; grant17. guide (verb) accompany; conduct; direct; escort; guide; lead; pilot; route; see; shepherd; steer; usher18. image (verb) delineate; depict; describe; image; limn; picture; portray; render; represent19. indicate (verb) denote; designate; indicate; mark; point out; read; record; register; say; specify20. prove (verb) authenticate; bear out; confirm; corroborate; determine; establish; make out; prove; substantiate; validate; verify21. read (verb) mark; read; record; register22. reveal (verb) clarify; divulge; elucidate; explain; explicate; proclaim; publish; reveal23. run (verb) play; run24. stage (verb) mount; produce; put on; stageАнтонимический ряд:conceal; confound; disguise; disprove; dissimilarity; falsify; hide; misinterpret; mystify; non-appearance; obscure -
19 Knowledge
It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)"Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge
См. также в других словарях:
Representation graphique — Représentation graphique La représentation graphique des données permet de faciliter l analyse et l interprétation de ces données. Il faut toutefois prendre garde à ne pas se laisser abuser par des translations de coordonnées et de jeux… … Wikipédia en Français
représentation — [ r(ə)prezɑ̃tasjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1250; lat. repræsentatio, de repræsentare I ♦ Action de mettre devant les yeux ou devant l esprit de qqn. 1 ♦ Vx ou dr. Production, présentation. Représentation d acte (pouvant servir de titre ou de preuve). ⇒… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Trace (algebre) — Trace (algèbre) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Trace. En algèbre linéaire, la trace d une matrice carrée est définie comme la somme de ses éléments diagonaux ; la trace est une forme linéaire sur l ensemble des matrices. Il est également… … Wikipédia en Français
Trace (matrice) — Trace (algèbre) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Trace. En algèbre linéaire, la trace d une matrice carrée est définie comme la somme de ses éléments diagonaux ; la trace est une forme linéaire sur l ensemble des matrices. Il est également… … Wikipédia en Français
Trace de graphes — Tracé de graphes En théorie des graphes, le tracé de graphes s applique à une topologie et géométrie pour produire une représentation à deux ou trois dimensions des graphes. Le tracé de graphes est utile à des applications telles que la… … Wikipédia en Français
Representation des groupes — Représentation de groupe L idée générale de la théorie des représentations est d essayer d étudier un groupe G en le faisant agir sur un espace vectoriel V de manière linéaire : on essaie ainsi de voir G comme un groupe de matrices (d où le… … Wikipédia en Français
Représentation des groupes — Représentation de groupe L idée générale de la théorie des représentations est d essayer d étudier un groupe G en le faisant agir sur un espace vectoriel V de manière linéaire : on essaie ainsi de voir G comme un groupe de matrices (d où le… … Wikipédia en Français
Représentation linéaire — Représentation de groupe L idée générale de la théorie des représentations est d essayer d étudier un groupe G en le faisant agir sur un espace vectoriel V de manière linéaire : on essaie ainsi de voir G comme un groupe de matrices (d où le… … Wikipédia en Français
Trace point a point d'un arc de cercle sans centre — Tracé point à point d un arc de cercle sans centre Représentation du problème Le tracé point à point d un arc de cercle sans centre est un problème de géométrie. Les outils autorisés sont : l équerre, la règle graduée, calculatrice. Les… … Wikipédia en Français
Tracé point à point d'un arc de cercle sans centre — Représentation du problème Le tracé point à point d un arc de cercle sans centre est un problème de géométrie. Les outils autorisés sont : l équerre, la règle graduée, calculatrice. Les données de départ sont : le rayon R du cercle … Wikipédia en Français
Trace (algèbre) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Trace. En algèbre linéaire, la trace d une matrice carrée A est définie comme la somme de ses coefficients diagonaux et notée Tr(A). La trace peut être vue comme une forme linéaire sur l espace vectoriel des… … Wikipédia en Français